Neuron is the basic unit of a nervous system. A neuron consists of a cell body, dendrites and axon. Soma is the other name of cell body. Dendrites are input fibres. Axon is a long transmitting fibre. Axon hillock is the portion of the axon near to the cell body where action potentials are generated. Branches that leave the main axon are referred as collaterals. Myelin is an insulating substance with which axons and dendrites are coated. This myelin sheath is surrounded by another insulating layer called neurilemma. Axons and dendrites are called nerve fibres. A bundle of individual nerve fibres is called a nerve. Afferent nerves carry sensory information from different parts of a body to the brain. Efferent nerves carry signals from the brain to different parts of the body.
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